How different types of financial service providers support small- and medium- enterprises under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic: from the perspective of expectancy theory

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Table 7 Negative changes in financing attitude toward served industries before/after the pandemic

	Trade	Transportation	Culture	Energy	Agriculture	Construction
Before the pandemic	8.48	0.98	1.01	2.42	3.56	2.98
During and after the pandemic	7.94	1.04	0.94	2.16	3.38	2.27
Changes	−6.37%	−0.89%	−6.93%	−10.79%	−4.96%	−23.83%
p-value	0.065^*	0.742	0.224	0.074^*	0.275	0.000^***

Notes. The p values in the last line refer to the differences in FSPs’ financing attitude to each industry before and after the pandemic. The values in this table refer to the weighted score of the corresponding items in the Appendix of each type, reflecting the importance of each industry. The higher the value, the higher is the degree of importance. The weighted score of each item = ∑(frequency times weight)/the number of observations; the weight is determined by where the items are arranged. For example, if there are three items involved in sorting, then the item in the first position gets a weight of 3, the one in the second position gets a weight of 2, and the one in the third position weights 1
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.1