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Table 10 Robustness test: alternative dependent variables

From: The effect of domestic and foreign trade coordination on technological innovation: complements or substitutes?

 

1–Patent

2–Invention

3–Utility + Design

Trade

129.5***

12.42***

117.1***

(18.25)

(3.41)

(21.29)

PGDP

6314***

922.4*

5391***

(1117)

(466.7)

(768.2)

Profit

1.859***

0.306***

1.552***

(0.254)

(0.0726)

(0.193)

FDI

195.6***

51.82

143.8**

(56.30)

(34.99)

(57.98)

Govern

−33408***

−4479*

−28929***

(4871)

(2093)

(4165)

C

−1.3E + 6***

−1.2E + 5***

−1.1E + 6***

(177241)

(33708)

(207164)

Time Control Variable

Control

Control

Control

Individual Fixed

Yes

Yes

Yes

Driscoll-Kraay SE

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. Standard Error appears in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. The tests are the same as in Table 6