Methodological choices of HR research conducted in Asia

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics Where Significant Differences were Found: Internal, external, construct and statistical conclusion validity

	North America	Europe	Asia
Internal Validity
Predictive designs
Post-predictive	47	44	55
Contemporaneous	21	45	35
Predictive	32	11	10
Type of study
Field	75	82	96
Archival	25	18	4
External Validity
Level of measurement of outcomes
Individual	21	40	35
Team / Workplace / Unit	39	15	10
Firm	40	45	55
Response rate	45	38	50
Industry
Single industry	67	41	48
Multi-industry	33	59	52
Organization size
Reported	76	52	63
Construct Validity
Subjective vs Objective measures
Subjective measures only	44	71	79
Objective measures only	41	17	14
Subjective and objective	15	12	7
# variables in the model	6.26	6.72	4.60
Statistical Conclusion Validity
Sample size	1240	1328	259