How different types of financial service providers support small- and medium- enterprises under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic: from the perspective of expectancy theory

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Table 5 Expected changes in financing volume, financing rate, and default rate for different business types

Expected changes in	Financial institutions		Credit-enhanced FSPs (C)	Pairwise comparison
Expected changes in	Commercial banks (A)	Non-bank financial institutions (B)	Credit-enhanced FSPs (C)	Pairwise comparison
Financing volume (p < 0.001)	3.81	3.31	3.07	A:B^*
				A:C^***
				B:C
Financing rate (p < 0.001)	2.08	2.53	2.78	A:B^*
				A:C^***
				B:C^*
Default rate (p = 0.230)	3.59	3.55	3.39
Number	37	108	127

Notes. The p values in the first column refer to the overall differences between the three types. The values in this table refer to the average score of the corresponding items in the Appendix of each type, reflecting the willingness or attitude on the adjustment of financing strategies. The higher the value, the more the expected financing volume/financing rate/default rate will increase
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.1