How different types of financial service providers support small- and medium- enterprises under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic: from the perspective of expectancy theory

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Table 4 Differences in institution-level factors among diverse types

	Financial institutions		Credit-enhanced FSPs (C)	Pairwise comparison
	Commercial banks (A)	Non-bank financial institutions (B)	Credit-enhanced FSPs (C)	Pairwise comparison
D1 (p = 0.329)	0.89	0.88	0.82
D2 (p = 0.082)	0.78	0.64	0.58	A:B
				A:C^*
				B:C
D3 (p = 0.123)	0.65	0.59	0.49
D4 (p < 0.001)	0.84	0.56	0.47	A:B^*
				A:C^***
				B:C
D5 (p = 0.001)	0.57	0.54	0.32	A:B
				A:C^*
				B:C^**
D6 (p = 0.017)	0.70	0.69	0.62	A:B
				A:C
				B:C^*
E1 (p = 0.148)	0.78	0.61	0.68
E2 (p = 0.054)	0.54	0.49	0.65	A:B
				A:C
				B:C^*
E3 (p = 0.006)	0.68	0.64	0.48	A:B
				A:C^*
				B:C^*
E4 (p = 0.003)	0.65	0.34	0.48	A:B
				A:C^**
				B:C^**
Number	37	108	127

Notes. The p values in the first column refer to the overall differences between the three types. The values in the table are the ratio of the samples which select the item
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.1