The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium enterprises: Implications from a COVID-19 survey

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Table 1 Sample description

Business mode	Online	19.11	Industry	Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery	2.51
Business mode	Offline	80.89		Mining	0.97
Firm age	Under 6 years	12.93		Manufacturing	26.64
	6–10 years	13.51		Production and supply of electricity, heat, gas, and water	1.93
	11–15 years	15.83		Construction	3.28
	16–20 years	16.80		Transportation, warehousing, and postal	2.12
	More than 20 years	40.93		Information transmission, software, and information technology	14.09
Firm ownership	Private	66.02		Whole sales and retail trade	11.20
	Foreign	16.61		Catering and accommodation	1.74
	State	16.02		Finance	10.04
	Collective	1.35		Realty	2.90
Region	Northeastern China	0.59		Leasing and business services	4.25
	Northern China	39.01		Scientific research and technical services	4.44
	Central China	8.88		Water, environment, and utilities management	0.58
	Eastern China	41.12		Residential services, repairs, and other services	2.32
	Southern China	6.18		Education	3.67
	Western China	4.22		Health and social work	1.74
Listed	Listed	10.42		Culture, sports, and entertainment	4.05
Listed	Unlisted	89.58		Public administration, social security, and social organization	0.58
Industry	Tourism	0.76		International organization	0.19