Table 8 Robustness tests using unmatched samples

store

− 6.9284^c

(0.9958)

− 5.9248^b

(1.8819)

in-app

2.2083 ^c

(0.5961)

2.8909^c

(0.9802)

HHI

−0.0200 ^c

(0.0033)

−0.0129^b

(0.0054)

in-app × store

1.6115 ^b

(0.6979)

2.2888^a

(1.2729)

HHI × store

0.0120 ^c

(0.0044)

0.0135

(0.0093)

apps

0.1502

(0.1126)

0.0390

(0.3582)

type

0.8235^b

(0.3928)

0.5985

(0.4331)

downloads

0.3250^c

(0.0645)

0.3193^c

(0.1110)

size

0.3058^a

(0.1570)

0.1710

(0.4201)

languages

0.1700

(0.2051)

−0.0239

(0.3193)

updates

− 0.5951^c

(0.1522)

−0.4850^b

(0.2269)

constant

4.2433^c

(1.0890)

3.4701^b

(1.4950)

N

2356

477