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Table 4 Explanation of main variables and descriptive statistics

From: Homeownership, city integration, and the sense of happiness of migrants in urban China

Category

Variable

Definition

N

Mean

SD

Min

Max

Dependent variable

Happiness

Very unhappy = 1, unhappy = 2, neutral = 3, happy = 4, very happy = 5.

158,333

3.75

0.72

1

5

Independent variable

Integration

Details are listed in Table 1.

158,556

0.51

0.16

0

1

Buyhouse

Home ownership dummy: homeowner = 1, renter = 0.

158,556

0.12

0.33

0

1

Instrumental variable

Unemprate

Urban unemployment rate in the provinces where the hukou is located.

158,485

3.47

0.48

1.27

4.23

Pulimit

Dummy for property ownership restriction policy in effect in the region. If there is a purchase restriction policy = 1, no = 0.

158,556

0.57

050

0

1

Control variable-Xi

Gender

Gender dummy: female = 1, male = 0.

158,556

0.47

0.50

0

1

Marriage

Marriage dummy: married = 1, unmarried = 0.

158,556

0.78

0.41

0

1

Age

Age.

158,556

33.67

9.31

15

60

Age_sq

Age’s square.

158,556

1220.40

657.22

225

3600

Eduyear

Education year.

158,556

9.75

2.82

3

18

Havekid

Child dummy:

have kids = 1, no = 0.

158,556

0.72

0.45

0

1

Income

The logarithm of a family’s monthly income.

158,556

8.21

1.01

0

11.50

Control variable-Xj

GDP

The logarithm of GDP per capita in destination cities.

151,249

10.95

0.54

8.86

12.12

Population

The logarithm of resident population in destination cities.

149,891

6.38

1.02

2.92

7.99

 

City FE

City dummy.