Transformational leadership and employee voice: an affective perspective

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Table 3 The hierarchical regression analysis results (Hypotheses 1, 2 and 3)

Variable	PSA	Voice
Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Gender	0.00	0.15	0.14^*	0.16^*
Tenure	0.02^*	0.01^*	0.01^*	0.01^*
Education	0.08^*	0.02	0.02	0.03
Transformational leadership	0.37^**	0.09	0.10^*	0.10^*
PSA		0.16^**	0.15^**	0.12^*
POQ			0.13^**	0.12^**
PSA× POQ				0.15^**
R ²	0.24^**	0.14^**	0.16^**	0.19^**
ΔR²			0.02^**	0.03^**

Notes. n = 271. PSA Positive affect, POQ Perceived over-qualification. ^**p < 0.01, ^*p < 0.05