Childhood economic status predicting later income: the role of networking ability and encouragement of participation

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Table 1 Means, standard deviations, and correlations

Variable	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Gender	1.54	0.50	–
2. Age	33.39	9.35	−0.09^**	–
3. Edu	5.25	1.52	0.08^**	−0.38^**	–
4. Tenure	7.49	6.44	−0.05^**	0.49^**	−0.10^**	–
5. Job position	1.61	0.78	−0.03^*	−0.00	0.28^**	0.07^**	–
6. NOO	1.72	0.45	0.04^*	−0.11^**	−0.08^**	−0.32^**	0.02	–
7. CES	2.84	0.65	0.09^**	−0.09^**	0.21^**	−0.01	0.09^**	−0.05^**	–
8. Networking ability	3.20	0.67	−0.12^**	−0.04^**	0.03	−0.04^*	0.09^**	0.06^**	0.06^**	(0.77)
9. Encouragement of participation	3.39	0.74	0.05^**	−0.11^**	0.07^**	−0.07^**	0.10^**	0.08^**	0.04^*	0.26^**	(0.80)
10. Later income	31.50 K	19.22 K	−0.13^**	−0.07^**	0.29^**	−0.01	0.28^**	0.02	0.10^**	0.07^**	0.09^**

N = 3635. Reliability coefficients are reported along the diagonal. Gender was coded as follows: 1 = male, 2 = female; Educational level was coded as follows: 1 = illiteracy, 2 = primary school, 3 = middle school, 4 = high school, 5 = technical secondary school, 6 = college, 7 = bachelor, 8 = master or above; Tenure was measured in years; Job position was coded as follows: 1 = front-line workers, 2 = business or technical staff, 3 = managers; NOO: nature of organization, which was coded as follows: 1 = stated-owned company/ public sector, 2 = private firms; CES: childhood economic status. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01