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Table 5 IPO Initial Returns and the Sub-indexes of Economic Freedom (July 1993–December 2014)

From: Economic freedom and IPO underpricing

Regression

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

 

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Coeff

Constant

64.162

8.128

37.367

−4.492

70.893b

72.454a

58.206

40.675

58.758a

116.013a

PPR

−0.644c

         

Crup

 

−0.668c

        

FiscalL

  

0.233

       

FreeGov

   

0.347c

      

Busi

    

−0.496b

     

Labor

     

−0.122

    

Mny

      

0.065

   

FreeTrd

       

0.650

  

Ivst

        

−0.611c

 

Fin

         

−0.425b

GDP

11.062b

13.802b

2.551

4.034

7.922a

3.315

2.639

−1.962

9.467c

4.630a

Bear

−16.350b

−16.155c

−18.349c

−18.639c

16.800b

−17.725c

−18.122c

−17.966c

−18.443c

−19.930c

Bull

7.701c

7.773b

8.353c

8.186c

8.284c

9.034c

8.534c

8.443c

7.743b

8.048c

AF

0.434

0.088

0.200

0.184

0.425

0.283

0.240

0.242

0.407

0.545

SPS

−0.464

0.119

0.403

0.563

−0.050

0.180

0.282

0.433

−0.269

−0.471

HCB

−2.359

−2.928a

−4.372c

−4.130b

−2.919

−4.040b

−4.131c

−4.010c

−2.126

−3.062b

Democ

−1.709

−1.512b

−1.094

−0.128

−1.428b

−1.479b

−1.4251

−1.148

−1.317b

−1.299a

EM

0.386

0.441

0.966

0.988

0.760

1.078

1.044

1.317a

0.571

0.185

Proceeds

−2.992c

−2.925c

−2.721c

−2.532b

3.125c

−3.003c

−2.929c

−2.792c

−2.535b

−2.373c

Oversold

−0.008

−0.006

−0.010

−0.011

−0.009

−0.010

−0.011

−0.006

−0.006

−0.004

Uwrt

−11.014c

−11.109b

−11.011c

−10.904b

−11.142c

−10.937b

−10.904c

−12.718c

−12.892b

−12.602c

ROE

1.333

1.423

0.754

0.596

0.22

1.218

1.111

1.309

0.877

0.409

Ind

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Adjusted-R square

0.141

0.139

0.126

0.129

0.131

0.126

0.125

0.130

0.146

0.135

Prob(F-stat)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

No. of Obs

3728

3728

3728

3728

3728

3728

3728

3728

3728

3728

  1. This table provides the regression results ofthe relation between IPO initial returns and the 10 economic freedom sub-indexes. IR is the IPO initial return. The 10 sub-indexes are financial freedom (Fin), investment freedom (Ivst), business freedom (Busi), property rights freedom (PPR), corruption freedom (Crup), fiscal freedom (Fiscal), trade freedom (FreeTrd), government size (FreeGov), monetary freedom (Mny) and labor freedom (Labor) indices.GDP is the logarithm of per capital GDP of the IPO country.Bear and Bull are the pre-IPO bearish and bullish market sentiment variables, respectively. AF is analyst following. SPS is stock price synchronicity. HCB is the home bias index. Democ is democracy index. EM is earnings management measure. Proceeds is the total IPO proceeds of the issuer. Oversold is a dummy variable, which equals to one if the IPO has overallotment, and zero otherwise. Uwrt is a dummy variable, which equals to one if the underwriter of the IPO is among the top three underwriter in the country. ROE is the return on equity of the issuer 12 month before the IPO. Standard errors are clustered by nations and fiscal year. a, b and c represent significance at the 10, 5 and 1% levels, respectively