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Table 7 The Impact of trade coordination: fixed effects model

From: The effect of domestic and foreign trade coordination on technological innovation: complements or substitutes?

 

1-Patent

2-Invention

3-Utility + Design

Trade

257.9***

85.12***

172.8***

(35.66)

(19.71)

(29.22)

PGDP

11906***

5274***

6632***

(1600)

(1378)

(721.7)

Profit

2.616***

0.826***

1.790***

(0.354)

(0.176)

(0.213)

FDI

354.3***

194.9**

159.4

(84.04)

(78.08)

(87.39)

Govern

−64673***

−30702***

−33971***

(8390)

(8533)

(6035)

C

−2.5E + 6***

−8.3E + 5***

−6.6e + 5***

(347247)

(192594)

(80249)

Time Control Variable

Control

Control

Control

Individual Fixed

Yes

Yes

Yes

Driscoll-Kraay SE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Within R 2

0.6215

0.6309

0.5461

F-Test

67.24***

340.7***

22.02***

Hausman Test

24.17**

132.2***

16.39a

Modified Wald Test

6.5E + 4***

2.7E + 4***

4.1E + 4***

Pesaran Test

6.97***

9.94***

4.65***

  1. Standard Error appears in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. The H0 of the tests are the same as in Table 6
  2. aAlthough the Hausman test does not refuse the H0, we still use the fixed effect to control the individual heterogenicity