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Table 12 Robustness test: the lag of innovation

From: The effect of domestic and foreign trade coordination on technological innovation: complements or substitutes?

 

1–Patent

2–Invention

3–Utility + Design

Trade

250.6***

65.90**

184.7***

(47.82)

(21.44)

(34.86)

L1.Trade

8.483

20.59

−12.11

(58.51)

(17.63)

(43.12)

L2.Trade

−4.733

−19.43

14.70

(57.54)

(17.10)

(42.70)

PGDP

12680***

5131***

7548***

(1843)

(1448)

(748.9)

Profit

2.287***

0.788***

1.499***

(0.565)

(0.239)

(0.334)

FDI

243.3

100.8**

142.5

(155.8)

(41.20)

(133.6)

Govern

−59123***

−26690**

−32434***

(12772)

(9686)

(6809)

C

−2.5E + 6***

−6.6E + 5**

−1.8E + 6***

(474479)

(210315)

(344315)

Time Control Variable

Control

Control

Control

Individual Fixed

Yes

Yes

Yes

Driscoll-Kraay SE

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. Standard Error appears in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. The tests are the same as in Table 6