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Table 1 Summary of measurement scales on face

From: Why it is hard to explain Chinese face?—FACE measurement models and its influence on ecological product preference

Scholars (year)

Genre of measurement scale

Item number

Dimensions

Chen (1982)

RM

40

Love face (i.e. concerned about face a lot), Thin face (i.e. easy to feel ashamed when losing face)

Chou (1996)

RM

50

Protective face orientation, Acquisitive face orientation

Chan et al. (2009)

RM

8

Concern for face

Bao and Zhao (2009)

FM

35

Ability-based face need, Relationship-based face need and Morality-based face need

Shi et al. (2012)

FM

22

Morality-oriented face, Ability-oriented face, Status-oriented face and Social relationship-oriented face

Zhang et al. (2012)

RM

11

Desire to gain face, Fear of losing face