Scholars (year) | Genre of measurement scale | Item number | Dimensions |
---|---|---|---|
Chen (1982) | RM | 40 | Love face (i.e. concerned about face a lot), Thin face (i.e. easy to feel ashamed when losing face) |
Chou (1996) | RM | 50 | Protective face orientation, Acquisitive face orientation |
Chan et al. (2009) | RM | 8 | Concern for face |
Bao and Zhao (2009) | FM | 35 | Ability-based face need, Relationship-based face need and Morality-based face need |
Shi et al. (2012) | FM | 22 | Morality-oriented face, Ability-oriented face, Status-oriented face and Social relationship-oriented face |
Zhang et al. (2012) | RM | 11 | Desire to gain face, Fear of losing face |